The Quick Reference Guide

Introduction

Freezing point depression is a colligative property meaning that the amount of change in the freezing point depends only on the number of particles dissolved in the solution. The freezing point depression does not care what the particles are; it is only concerned with how many are there. Because of this, the measurement of the change in freezing point between a pure solvent, and a solvent with a known amount of substance in it gives an accurate, and absolute, value of the number of molecules dissolved in the solution. Knowing the mass of the solute and the freezing point of the pure solvent provides enough information to accurately calculate the Molecules per unit mass of the solute.

Discussion

Each solvent has its own freezing point and with it, its own molal freezing – point constant. The molal freezing point constant is the depression in degrees Centigrade of the solvent when 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 kilogram of the solvent (Chemical Technician’s Ready Reference Handbook, pg 435). Freezing point constants are published values available for most pure solvents.

Many people, including me way back when, do freezing point the hard way. By this I mean that we fabricated our own apparatus with test tubes, glass thermometers, a piece of wire, and an acetone plus dry ice bath. We placed our sample into the tube, immersed the thermometer with the wire looped around it then sticking out as a handle, and then froze the solution in the dry ice acetone mixture. Once frozen, we removed our apparatus and painstakenly plotted the rise in temperature moving the wire up and down to keep the temperature constant. With this plot we estimated freezing point the best we could, cleaned our device, and went on to the next sample. The process was slow, kind of fun, but fairly inacurate and not very cost effective for a commercial lab.

Enter the cryoscope; an instrument that does all this, automatically and on small samples at that. With microliter size samples up to a milliliter or so, a cryoscope accurately measures freezing point depression to thousandths of a degree centigrade on a calibrated, basically push button instrument. A single value is returned from which molecular weight is easily calculated. Hazardous solvents, such as benzene, can readily be used with little risk of analyst exposure.

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Which is the complete reference of the A380 with EA engines? for example the A340-300= A340-313x?

As the A340 with GE engines is A340-313x I want to know the complete reference (A380-XXX) of the A380-800 with Engine Alliance Engines!

Airbus A380′s with EA Engines have the engine code, A380-861 while the RR engine code is 41(A380-841).

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Planning for a dollhouse is one of the most important as well as fun activities that most people will engage in when creating the dollhouse. It starts with choosing a theme and budgeting for the materials that will be needed in the dollhouse creation. As such, one will need to keep a record for all these activities and this is where a record book comes in. One will be able to record all the available resources and the design ideas that can be referred to in the future. Other dollhouse details such as the furnishings and the dream items, the paint finishes, chosen wirings, the materials used as well as the contacts for further clarification can be listed down in the record book. If the record book is up to date, the owner should be able to monitor the progress of the dollhouse and replace anything in the event of a disaster.

A dollhouse record book is important for one to be able to monitor the progress of their dollhouse. One can record any future ideas for the dollhouse in this records book and it is also good for insurance purposes in the event that one needs to replace something. A dollhouse record can be made from a scrapbook or a binder. Organizing it by rooms is fairly easy and one can create a section for the exterior as well as additional notes. These sections may hold information for general reference, the main floor drawing room as well as library, Attic, basement kitchen and storage, upstairs bathroom and master as well as children’s bedroom and exterior details.

Inside the binder, the planning record, the diagrams for the room and the wiring, decorating ideas as well as a miniature collection list can be kept. Keeping photographs may also prove valuable. Since it is fun to design a dollhouse, the record book will offer an opportunity to relive the entire process as one peruses through it. The requirements for each section include the layout for the room design, wiring diagram, design notes, collection record and photographs. The record book comes in handy when one goes shopping since they will use the design notes.

To make a doll house record book, one will require a paper binder or they may opt for a scrapbook. Photograph sheets, sheet protectors and a computer printer are also required. The sheets can be used for making a reference manual for the dollhouse. The sheet protectors will assist in holding the receipts as well as fabric samples. All the rooms should be catered for within the record book. This will make work so much easier when buying items or when assessing for insurance reasons.

A doll house record book is therefore a very valuable item when planning for a dollhouse. It will enable one be more organized in their preparation and execution. Furthermore, one is not likely to forget any important detail concerning the house and in this way, the dollhouse will be exactly what was intended.

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